Sechipo chakakosha chekubatsira muzvipatara, mhando yemachira ekurapakuwacha mbatyauye kuuraya utachiona zvinokanganisa zvakananga hutano hwevashandi vekurapa nevarwere uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekudzivirira nekudzivirira hutachiona muchipatara. Kuti tiwedzere kukurudzira kukura kwakajairika kwemishonga.indasitiri yekuwachira mbatya dzerineniuye kujekesa mitemo yekushanda kweindasitiri, chinyorwa chino chinounganidza mitemo yemiedzo mikuru uye matanho ekurapwa kwakakosha sechido chehunyanzvi kune vashandi veindasitiri nemasangano ekurapa.
Simbisa Hwaro hweSisitimu
Basa guru nderekugadzira hurongwa hwakakwana uye hwehunyanzvi hwekutarisira mbatya. Masangano ekurapa nemakambani ekuwachira mbatya anofanira kugadzira hurongwa hunogona kufukidza zvinhu zvakawanda zvichienderana nehupenyu hwese hwekuwachira mbatya nekubvisa utachiona mumachira ekurapa.
Sisitimu iyi inosanganisira:
- Sisitimu yekuchenesa machira ekurapa uye kuuraya utachiona
- Sisitimu yekutarisira muunganidzwa yakarongwa
- Sisitimu yekutarisa uye yekuongorora hunhu hwehutsanana hwekushambidza nekuuraya utachiona
- Sisitimu yekuchengetedza machira yakachena
- Sisitimu yekushanda kwekuchengetedza
- Sisitimu yekuchenesa michina uye hutsanana hwezvakatipoteredza
- Mabasa ebasa uye sisitimu yekudzivirira vashandi vebasa
Kugadzirwa kwemasangano kwakarongeka kunogona kuona kuti mitemo inotonga zvese zvinobatanidzwa pakushanda. Izvi zvinovimbisa kunaka kwekugezeswa kwemachira ekurapa kubva kunzvimbo yacho.
Simbisa Dziviriro
Vashandi vekuwachira mbatya ndivo vanonyanya kushanda pakuwachira mbatya dzemachira ekurapa. Kuzvidzivirira kwavo hakungonetsi hutano hwavo chete asiwo kunodzivirira hutachiona hwehutachiona. Panguva yekuvhiya, vanhu vanofanira kunyatsotevedzera zvinodiwa zvekudzivirira.
● Mutemo wekupfeka
Vashandi vanofanira kuchengetedza mapfekero avo akashambidzika uye kuchinja mbatya dzavo dzebasa nguva dzose. Hazvibvumidzwe kupfeka masilipu pabasa, uye munhu haafanirwe kupinda munzvimbo yekudyira, munzvimbo yekusangana, kana kubuda panzvimbo yebasa akapfeka mbatya dzebasa.
● Midziyo yekudzivirira
Pakuunganidza machira akasviba uye kugovera machira akachena, zvakakosha kupfeka magirovhosi ekudzivirira, mamasiki, nengowani zvakanaka uye kupfeka mbatya dzebasa dzakakosha kudzivirira nzira dzekubata tsvina.
● Kutarisira maoko zvakanaka
Vashandi vanofanira kuchengetedza maoko avo akachena chero nguva, saka vanofanira kugeza maoko avo kana kuisa mushonga wekuuraya utachiona mumaoko avo zvichienderana nemaitiro akajairwa ekubvisa njodzi yekutapurirana nemaoko uye hutachiona.
Kupatsanura uye Kurasa Sainzi
Kune mhando dzakawanda dzemachira ekurapa, uye huwandu hwawo hwekusvibiswa uye njodzi dzekutapukirwa dzakasiyana. Kupatsanurwa kwesainzi ndiyo nzira huru yekudzivirira kutapukirwa kwezvirwere zvakasiyana.
● Rineni yakajairika yakasvibiswa
Vashandi vanofanira kuunganidza machira akasviba panzvimbo yakatarwa. Machira haafanirwe kurongwa mumigwagwa yezvipatara, nzira dzekufambisa, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji. Mushure mekuunganidzwa, machira akasviba anofanira kuiswa mumudziyo wakavanzika uye oendeswa netambo yakakosha. Machira anofanirwa kutevedzera mutemo wekuti "akasviba kusvika achena" uye kudzivirira kudzokera shure. Zvakare, mudziyo wekutakura nemotokari dzemachira akachena neakasviba zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa zvakajeka uye kucherechedzwa. Mushure mekushandiswa, kuchenesa nekukasika uye kubvisa utachiona kunofanira kuitwa.
Zvinorambidzwa zvachose kuita mabasa ekuchengetedza zvinhu munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji dzakadai semumigwagwa yezvipatara nemigwagwa.
● Rineni yakasviba chaiyo
Rineni yakasvibiswa neropa kana mvura yemuviri uye mbatya dzinoshandiswa nevarwere vane zvirwere zvinotapukira dzinofanira kuiswa padzo dzovharwa mumabhegi ekurongedza ane mativi maviri. Mazita ekuchenesa akajeka anofanira kunyorwa kunze kwemabhegi ekurongedza kuti ashandiswe mune ramangwana.
● Zvinodiwa pakuchengetera zvinhu zvakarongwa
Mbatya dzevashandi, mbatya dzevarwere, uye magumbeze, machira akakosha emakamuri ekuvhiyira zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa zvakajeka, uye kuchengetwa kwakasiyana-siyana kunofanira kudzivirirwa zvakanyanya.
Machira akachena, machira ane utachiona, nezvimwe zvinhu zvine chekuita nazvo zvinofanira kuiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana uye nemapoka kuti zvibviswe mukana wekusvibiswa kwakasiyana-siyana maererano nenzvimbo.
Gadzirisa Hutsanana hweZvakatipoteredza
Kuchena kwenzvimbo yekuwachira chinhu chakakosha pakuchengetedza nharaunda
Kuchena kwenzvimbo yekugezera chinhu chakakosha pakuona kuti kushambidzwa kwemachira ekurapa kwakanaka. Zvakakosha kushandisa nzira yekuchenesa nekuuraya utachiona. Zvinodiwa zvinosanganisira:
● Kuchenesa uye kuuraya utachiona zuva nezuva
Gadza zuva rakatarwa rekuchenesa nzvimbo yebasa vhiki rega rega. Mumazuva evhiki, mahwindo anofanira kuvhurwa nguva nenguva kuti pave nechokwadi chekuti kutenderera kweropa kwakanaka. Nzvimbo ine utachiona inofanira kucheneswa nemishonga yeUV zuva rega rega, uye kuchenesa nekuchenesa mishonga yekuuraya utachiona kunofanira kuitwawo kaviri pazuva.
Mabasa ese ekuuraya utachiona anofanira kunyorwa zvakadzama kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti anonyatsoteverwa.
● Kutarisira Chishandiso Chekuchenesa
Zvishandiso zvekuchenesa munzvimbo dzakasiyana zvinofanirwa kushandiswa zvakasiyana. Zvishandiso zvakaita semachira nemamopu zvinofanirwa kupatsanurwa, kupiswa nemishonga inouraya utachiona, kunyikwa mumvura, uye kuchengetwa munzvimbo dzakatarwa.
Chiratidzo chenzvimbo chinofanira kunge chakajeka kudzivirira kusvibiswa kunokonzerwa nekusanganiswa kwechishandiso.
Gadzirisa Maitiro Ekuwacha
Maitiro ekuwacha nekuuraya utachiona ndiwo musimboti wekuona mhando yejira rekurapa. Vashandi vanofanirwa kunyatsotevedzera mitemo yesainzi yekushanda nemaitiro ekuona kuti kuchena nekuuraya utachiona kwejira iri kuzadzisa zvinodiwa.
● Mavara asina kukwana
Pakurapa mavara asina kukwana erineni, vanhu vanofanira kutevedzera mitemo yehunyanzvi yekuti "kutanga yakaoma, wozonyorova" uye "kutanga alkali, wozotevera acid" kudzivirira mavara akasara kana kukuvara kwerineni kunokonzerwa nenzira dzisina kunaka dzekurapa.
● Maitiro ekuuraya utachiona mumachira
Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekusvibiswa uye njodzi yekutapukirwa, vashandi vanofanira kushandisa nzira dzakasiyana dzekuchenesa nekuuraya utachiona.
- Machira anowanzo svibiswa:
Chenesa kubvisa tsvina pamusoro pevhu → bvisa mushonga wekuuraya utachiona nekusuka mushonga wekuuraya utachiona une 250mg/L kweinenge maminitsi gumi → sukurudza uye bvisa mushonga wekuuraya utachiona zvakanaka kuti ubvise tsvina yemuchina wekuchenesa.
- Zviri pachena kuti machira akasvibiswa:
Kune avo vane ropa rinoonekwa, mvura yemuviri, zvinobuda, kana zvinobuda:
Bvisa tsvina inoonekwa nekusuka → bvisa mushonga wekuuraya utachiona nekusuka mushonga wekuuraya utachiona une chlorine yakawanda ine 2000mg/L kwemaminitsi makumi matatu → kusukurudza → kubvisa tsvina.
- Machira ane tsvina yakawanda:
Kune avo vakasvibiswa nezvirwere zvinopararira negas gangrene, zvirwere zvinotapukira muropa, zvirwere zvinotapukira zvisingazivikanwe, mycobacteria, bacterial spores, kana zvipembenene zvisingapindi mishonga yakawanda (MDROs), teverai nzira yakasimba yekuti "bvisa utachiona kutanga → chenesa → bvisa utachiona zvakare".
shandisa mushonga wekuuraya utachiona une chlorine we2000mg/L kwemaminitsi ≥30 → chenesa → uraya utachiona zvakare kuderedza njodzi dzehutachiona.
Tsanangura Hunhu Hwakanaka
Zviratidzo zvemachira akacheneswa zvakakosha pakuyera kunaka kwekuwacha mbatya. Zvinofanira kunyatsotevedzera zvinodiwa zvinotevera.
- Machira akacheneswa anofanira kuchengetwa akaoma, akachena, uye asina kusvibiswa.
- Mabhakitiriya eColiforms neStaphylococcus aureus hazvifanirwe kuonekwa mukuongororwa kwehutachiona.
- Huwandu hwese hwemabhakitiriya hunofanira kudzorwa mukati mehuwandu hwe ≤200 cfu/cm².
Zvinodiwa izvi zvinovimbisa kuti jira rega rega remushonga rinosangana nezvinodiwa zvekushandiswa zvakachengeteka.
Zvinodiwa neParameter yeUnyanzvi
Kuti zviwedzere kuvandudza kururama uye mwero wekuenzanisa kwekusuka machira ekurapa, zvinhu zvakakosha zvekushanda muindasitiri zvinorongwa seizvi kuti zvionekwe uye zviitwe nevanoita basa iri.
Kupatsanura uye Nzira dzekurapa dzeRineni yeChipatara
| Kupatsanura | Hunhu hwekusvibiswa | Pfungwa Dzinokosha Dzekugeza | Sipo dzekuchenesa dzakashandiswa | Mashoko |
| Madhirezi ekuvhiya, madhirezi & machira ekuchenesa ropa | Zvikuru mavanga eropa uye zvinobuda muropa revanhu | Kubviswa kweropa, kucheneswa kwehutachiona uye kuchenesa | Sipo yakakosha yemagown ekuvhiya, mushonga wekubvisa mavanga eropa wakatsaurirwa | |
| Magown evarwere, mbatya dzevacheche | Mavara edikita, dzimwe nguva mavara eropa | Kubvisa utachiona, kuuraya utachiona uye kurapa mabhakitiriya | Chinonyorovesa Mabhakitiriya | Kana huwandu hwekusuka huri hudiki, hunogona kusanganiswa nezvimwe zvikamu, asi hunofanira kusanganiswa zvakasiyana mushure mekugadziriswa. |
| Yunifomu dzebasa dzevanachiremba | Mavara edikita/mafuta akawanda (makora nemacuffs) + mavara akasiyana-siyana emishonga | Kubvisa utachiona, kuuraya utachiona uye kurapa kwekudzivirira kupararira kwezvirwere | Chinyorovesa Chinodzivirira Kushanduka | Kana mavara emushonga asingabviswi, rapa rimwe nerimwe uchishandisa mishonga yakakosha panguva yekupeta. |
| Magumbeze Akajairika (Mavara Edikita) | Zvikuru mavanga eziya uye tsvina inobva mumafuta evanhu | Kubvisa utachiona, kubvisa utachiona | Mushonga wekubvisa mavanga eropa, neutralizer | |
| Magumbeze (Mavanga eRopa) | Mavara eropa akaomeswa ekare | Kubvisa ropa, kubvisa utachiona uye kuuraya utachiona | Chinobvisa mavanga eropa, chinobvisa mavanga eropa | |
| Zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana | Guruva, tsvina, jecha | Kubvisa utachiona | Sipo yekuwachisa nguva dzose |
Chati Yekupisa Kwekugeza & Nguva
| Tembiricha | Nguva | Zvinyorwa |
| 70°C | Maminetsi makumi maviri nemashanu | Nguva yekugeza inotanga mushure mekunge tembiricha yakatarwa yasvika, uye tembiricha iyi inofanira kuchengetedzwa kwenguva yese. |
| 75°C | Maminetsi makumi maviri | |
| 85°C | Maminetsi gumi nemashanu | |
| 90°C | Maminetsi gumi |
Chati Yenzira Yekuchenesa Nguo Dzebasa dzaChiremba
| Nhamba yeSerial | Maitiro | Mvura Yakawanda | Tembiricha | Nguva (miniti) | Zvimwe zvinowedzerwa | Zvinyorwa |
| 1 | Nguo dzekutakura | |||||
| 2 | Kugeza Pamberi | Yakakwirira | Kupisa Kwemukamuri | 3 | ||
| 3 | Wedzera Sipo | Zvakaderera | Kupisa Kwemukamuri | Sipo Yakakosha | ||
| 4 | Wedzera Sipo | Zvakaderera | Kupisa Kwemukamuri | 15 | Sipo Yekuuraya Mabhakitiriya Yakakosha | Wedzera kuburikidza nechiteshi chekuwedzera |
| 5 | Kugeza Kukuru | Zvakaderera | 65°C | 75 | ||
| 6 | Tonhorera Nemvura Inotonhora | Yakakwirira | <45°C | 5 | Usatenderedza-kuburitsa mvura kana tembiricha yakakwira | |
| 7 | Kutenderera-Drink | 3 | ||||
| 8 | Sukurudza | Yakakwirira | Kupisa Kwemukamuri | 3 | ||
| 9 | Sukurudza | Yakakwirira | Kupisa Kwemukamuri | 3 | Chinobvisa ganda (50g) | Pamichina inozvigadzira otomatiki: sukurudza kashanu; muyero we neutralizer: 300g ~ 500g |
| 10 | Sukurudza | Yakakwirira | 50°C | 3 | Chinyorovesa (200g) | |
| 11 | Kutenderera Kwepakati | |||||
| 12 | Bvisa | Usashandise high-sp |
Chati Yekutarisa Kupisa Kwemvura & Sipo Yekugezesa
| Maitiro | Mvura Yakawanda | Tembiricha | Nguva (maminitsi) | Wedzera Sipo | Zvinyorwa |
| Majasi ekuvhiya ane mutoro |
4. Pambatya dzevana nedzevarwere, chinja nzira yechipiri neyechitatu yekugeza mbatya dzevana nedzevana. | ||||
| Bvisa Mavara Eropa | Yakakwirira | Kupisa Kwemukamuri | 5 | ||
| Bvisa Mavara Eropa | Yakakwirira | Kupisa Kwemukamuri | 5 | ||
| Wedzera Sipo | Zvakaderera | Kupisa Kwemukamuri | Sipo Yakakosha | ||
| Wedzera Sipo | Zvakaderera | Kupisa Kwemukamuri | Sipo Yekuuraya Mabhakitiriya Yakakosha | ||
| Kupisa | Zvakaderera | 85°C | |||
| Kugeza Kwekupisa Kunopisa | Zvakaderera | 85°C | 35 | ||
| Kutenderera Kwepakati | 3 | ||||
| Sukurudza | Yakakwirira | Kupisa Kwemukamuri | 3 | ||
| Sukurudza | Yakakwirira | Kupisa Kwemukamuri | 3 | Chinonyorovesa Mabhakitiriya (200g) | |
| Sukurudza | |||||
| Kutenderera Kwekumhanya Kwakakwirira | 3 | ||||
| Bvisa |
Mhedziso
Kuvandudzwa kwakarongeka kweindasitiri yekuwachira machira ekurapa chikamu chakakosha chekuumbwa kwebasa rehutano hwekurapa. Mune ramangwana, tinotarisira kuti masangano ari muindasitiri yekuwachira mbatya anofanira kutevedzera mitemo uye kuramba achivandudza nhanho yehunyanzvi hwekuwachira nekuuraya utachiona. Tinofanira kuchengetedza hutano nekuchengetedzeka kwevashandi vekurapa nevarwere.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-12-2025