Munzvimbo yekuwachira mbatya mumaindasitiri, kuve nechokwadi chekuti machira akachena kwakakosha, kunyanya munzvimbo dzekurapa uko mitemo yehutsanana yakakosha. Masisitimu ekuwachira mbatya ane mhinduro dzepamusoro dzemabasa makuru ekuwachira mbatya, asi nzira yekusuka mbatya inoshandiswa inogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kuchena kwemachira. Masisitimu ekuwachira mbatya anoshandisa zvivakwa zviviri zvikuru zvekusuka mbatya: "kupinda kamwe chete uye kubuda kamwe chete" uye "kusuka counter-current."
Chimiro che "kupinda kamwe chete uye kubuda kamwe chete" chinosanganisira imba yega yega yekusuka yakagadzirwa ine nzvimbo dzekubuda nemvura dzakazvimiririra. Nzira iyi, inozivikanwa se "nzvimbo imwe chete yekubuda kamwe chete," inoshanda mukuchengetedza kuchena. Inoshanda nepfungwa yakafanana nemaitiro ekusuka katatu anoshandiswa mumichina yekusuka yega, ichiva nechokwadi chekuti imba yega yega ine mvura yakachena inobuda uye inobuda, izvo zvinobatsira mukusuka zvakakwana machira. Dhizaini iyi inonyanya kufarirwa kune vanosuka tunnel yekurapa.
Machira ekurapa akakamurwa kuita mhando ina huru: mbatya dzevarwere, mbatya dzebasa (kusanganisira majasi machena), magumbeze, nezvinhu zvekuvhiya. Mapoka aya ane hunhu hwakasiyana maererano neruvara uye zvinhu. Semuenzaniso, machira ekuvhiya anowanzova egirini rakadzika uye anowanzo pera ruvara uye anobuda ruvara panguva yekusukwa kukuru nezvinodziyisa uye makemikari. Kana chimiro chekusuka chinoshandiswa, mvura yekusuka inoshandiswazve, ine marara nemavara akasiyiwa, inogona kusvibisa machira machena. Kusvibiswa uku kunogona kutungamira kumachira machena kuwana ruvara rwegirini uye machira ekuvhiya egirini anoiswa marara machena. Saka, kuti varambe vakachena uye vane hutsanana, mabasa ekuwachira mbatya dzekurapa anofanira kushandisa chimiro chekusuka "chekupinda nekubuda kamwe chete".
Muchimiro ichi, mvura yekusuka machira ekuvhiya inochengetedzwa yoga kudzivirira kusvibiswa. Mvura inoshandiswa pakusuka machira ekuvhiya inogona kushandiswazve chete pakusuka mamwe machira ekuvhiya, kwete machira machena kana mamwe marudzi. Kupatsanura uku kunoita kuti rudzi rwerineni rumwe nerumwe rurambe ruine ruvara rwarwo uye kuchena kwarwo.
Uyezve, kushandisa nzira mbiri dzekudonhedza mvura kwakakosha kuti mvura ishandiswe zvakanaka. Imwe nzira inofanira kutungamira mvura kutangi rekuchengetera mvura kuti ishandiswezve, imwe ichienda kutsvina. Muchina wekusukira unoshandiswa pakuwacha unofanirawo kuva nenzira mbiri dzemvura: imwe yekuunganidzira tangi rekuchengetera mvura uye imwe yekurasa tsvina. Iyi sisitimu mbiri inobvumira kurasa mvura ine ruvara rwemvura pakarepo mutsvina, zvichiita kuti isasanganiswe nemvura isingashandisezve ruvara, iyo inogona kuunganidzwa mutangi rekuchengetera mvura kuti ishandiswezve. Iyi sisitimu inowedzera mabasa ekuchengetedza mvura uye inochengetedza mhando yemachira.
Chinhu chakakosha chehurongwa uhwu kuisirwa kwefirita ye lint. Sefa iyi yakagadzirirwa kubvisa shinda dzemachira mumvura, ichiva nechokwadi chekuti mvura inoshandiswazve pakusuka haina tsvina. Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru pakuchengetedza kunaka kwekusuka kwerineni rine mavara akawanda.
Kunyange zvazvo midziyo yekusuka ine simba remagetsi inogona kushandiswa pakusuka machira ane mavara akasiyana, ine matambudziko pakushanda zvakanaka uye kushandiswa kwesimba. Kusuka mavara akasiyana-siyana pasina kuyerera kwemvura zvakakwana kana kupatsanurwa kunogona kukonzera kushandiswa kwesimba zvakanyanya uye kudzikira kwekushanda zvakanaka. Kuti izvi zvisaitike, nzvimbo dzekuwachira mbatya dzekurapa dzine mawachi akawanda uye mawachi akawanda emugero dzinogona kuronga mashandiro adzo ekuparadzanisa machira ekuvhiya ane mavara kubva kune mamwe marudzi emubhedha. Maitiro aya anoita kuti machira ane ruvara rumwe chete asukwe pamwe chete, zvichibvumira kushandiswazve kwemvura zvinobudirira uye kuchengetedza simba zvakanyanya.
Kushandisa nzira yekugeza mbatya dzekurapa inonzi "single entry and single exit" muzvishandiso zvekurapa zvinoita kuti mbatya dzisatsve uye dzisatsvedzere zvakanaka uye kunoita kuti dzishandiswe zvakanaka nemvura nesimba. Nekunyatso gadzirisa nzira yekugeza mbatya uye kushandisa masisitimu ekusefa epamusoro, mabasa ekuchenesa mbatya anogona kuwana hutsanana hwepamusoro ukuwo achivandudza mashandisirwo ezvishandiso.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-16-2024